Grade 5 Multiplication and Division

Step 1: Multiply the multiplicand (125) by the ones digit of the multiplier (4).
\( 125 \times 4 = 500 \)
Write 500 as the first partial product.

Step 2: Multiply the multiplicand (125) by the tens digit of the multiplier (10). Remember to place a zero in the ones place because you are multiplying by 10.
\( 125 \times 10 = 1250 \)
Write 1250 as the second partial product, aligning the places correctly.

Step 3: Add the partial products to find the final product.
\( 500 + 1250 = 1750 \)

Result: \( 125 \times 14 = 1750 \).

Step 1: Set up the long division. Divide the first digit of the dividend (3) by the divisor (6). Since 3 is less than 6, consider the first two digits (34).

Step 2: Divide 34 by 6. The largest multiple of 6 less than or equal to 34 is 30 (\( 6 \times 5 = 30 \)). Write 5 above the 4 in the quotient.

Step 3: Subtract 30 from 34: \( 34 - 30 = 4 \). Write 4 below the 30.

Step 4: Bring down the next digit of the dividend (5) next to the 4, making it 45.

Step 5: Divide 45 by 6. The largest multiple of 6 less than or equal to 45 is 42 (\( 6 \times 7 = 42 \)). Write 7 above the 5 in the quotient.

Step 6: Subtract 42 from 45: \( 45 - 42 = 3 \). Write 3 below the 42.

Step 7: Since there are no more digits to bring down, 3 is the remainder.

Result: \( 345 \div 6 = 57 \) with a remainder of 3.
We can write this as \( 345 = (6 \times 57) + 3 \).

Inverse Operations: Multiplication and division are inverse operations. This means they undo each other.

Example:
If you multiply 5 by 4, you get 20: \( 5 \times 4 = 20 \).
If you divide 20 by 4, you get back to 5: \( 20 \div 4 = 5 \).
If you divide 20 by 5, you get back to 4: \( 20 \div 5 = 4 \).

Fact Families: For three numbers related by multiplication and division (like 5, 4, and 20), they form a fact family:

• \( 5 \times 4 = 20 \)
• \( 4 \times 5 = 20 \)
• \( 20 \div 4 = 5 \)
• \( 20 \div 5 = 4 \)

Step 1: Understand the problem. You need to divide a total number of items (candies) into equal groups (friends). This is a division problem.

Step 2: Identify the total number (dividend) and the number of groups (divisor).
Total candies = 560 (Dividend)
Number of friends = 8 (Divisor)

Step 3: Perform the division: \( 560 \div 8 \).
You can use long division or recall multiplication facts.
We know that \( 8 \times 7 = 56 \).
So, \( 8 \times 70 = 560 \).

Step 4: The result of the division is the number of candies each friend gets (quotient).
\( 560 \div 8 = 70 \)

Result: Each friend gets 70 candies.